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| Scientific Management |
Contribution of F.W. Taylor in Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) will be ever remembered for his contribution to the management movement.
Taylor developed the body of knowledge which is now called “Scientific Management” with the help of this Taylor developed the tools how to effective use of human beings for an organization.
He defined how to managing as the art of “knowing exactly what organization want to their employee to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way”.
For the emphasis, Taylor’s contribution in scientific management as scientific way of doing things, that’s is why he is often called the “Father of Scientific Management”.
Taylor has conducted various experiments at the work place to find out how human beings or employee could be made more efficient by standardizing the work.
And as per these experiments have provided the following features of scientific management: –
- Separation of planning and doing
As per Taylor’s Scientific Management, emphasized the separation of planning from actual doing.
Before this concept, a worker used to plan about how he had to work and what instruments need to necessary for him for particulars works, for the reason of being this was creating lot of problems.
As per Taylor’s Scientific Management, that planning should be on the shoulder on supervisor and let the worker should focused on doing the work.
- Functional Foremanship
As per the Taylor’s Scientific Management, functional foreman ship is a management technique of factory which advocates for having multiple foremen in different, specialized roles.
- Job Analysis
As per the Taylor’s Scientific Management, the best way of doing a job which required the at least movements and consequently less time and cost.
Taylor analysed the on various jobs to find out the best way of doings various things with the help of Time, Motion and Fatigue, which as follows: –
- As per the Time study involved the determination of time, to complete a movement which takes minimum time is the best one. This is helps in fixing the particular work period.
- As per the Motion study involved the study of movements which involved in a doing a particular task or job and thereby eliminating the wasteful movements and main focused on performing only necessary movements.
- As per the Fatigue study shows the amount and frequency of which required rest in completing the particular task or work. As per the Job analysis as given by Taylor and suggested that fair amount of a day’s work requiring certain movements and rest periods of complete it
- Standardization
Standardization is the process of setting standards for different factors which include, period of work, amount of work, working conditions and cost of production have to be standardized on the basis of job analysis.
- Scientific Selection and Training of Workers
As per the Taylor’s Scientific Management study, suggested that workers should be selected on the basis of their education, work experience, aptitude etc. for particular job.
We should have to give work to any worker as per physically and technically which would be most suitable for him.
Apart from selection to any workers we need to give the training to make them more efficient and effective.
- Financial Incentives.
Taylor introduced the financial incentives which to pay their workers to motivate them to put in their maximum efforts.
As per the Taylor’s Scientific Management study, he applied the concept of different rate scheme.
According to scheme, a worker who completes the normal work gets wages at higher rate and one who does not complete gets at lower rate. He suggested the wages should be based on individual performance.
- Economy
While applying scientific management which is not only scientific and technical aspects it should be considered but adequate consideration should be given to economy and profit.
The economy and profit can be achieved by making the resource more productive as well as by eliminating the wastage.
- Mental Revolution
Taylor strongly suggested that a change in the attitude of employers and employees. Mutual conflict should be replaced by mutual cooperation with employers and employees which would be beneficial for both.
Taylor argued that mental revolution is the most important feature of Taylor’s Scientific Management study because in its absence, no principle of Scientific management could applied.
We can say that Taylor’s philosophy in simple, as per his book, “The Principles of Scientific Management” stated of following four principles:-
- The development of a true science of management, so that the best method for performing each task could be determined;
- The scientific selection of the workers, so that each worker would be given responsibility for the task for which he or she as best suited.
- The scientific education and development of the worker; and
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Intimate, friendly to-operation between management and labour.